{"created":"2023-06-20T13:41:47.342476+00:00","id":1567,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"ef66f6d2-ffa2-44dd-82a4-c906b73ff514"},"_deposit":{"created_by":11,"id":"1567","owners":[11],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"1567"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:kbu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001567","sets":[]},"author_link":["4104","4105"],"item_3_biblio_info_12":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2011-03-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"13","bibliographicPageStart":"1","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"12","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"人間学部研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Reports from the Faculty of Human Studies, Kyoto Bunkyo University","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_3_description_11":{"attribute_name":"抄録(英)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Emotional distress is a mental injury that includes pain such as anxiety or deep grief. Traditionally, recovery for emotional distress for negligent torts has been permitted only when accompanying physical impact or injury.  This rule has been argued to be a device to screen out fraudulent claims.  On the issue of genuineness of claims for emotional distress, the Restatement of Torts echoes the physical impact rule.  Nowadays US society has grown increasingly aware of chemicals exposed to air, water, food, and human health, which is categorized as toxic tort.  Toxic tort case presents us a unique characteristic of the tort, latency problem injuries of toxic tort may occur long after plaintiff ceased being exposed by toxin. This note focuses on the damages for emotional distress in toxic torts with this unique characteristic.  Some cases decided during 1980’s have showed proof of physical injury no longer be required to recover for negligent infliction of emotional distress.  However, in fact, exposed to toxin or subcellular damage has been required. There is a continued need for some of physical impact rule in toxic case.  Recent cases also show the physical impact requirement is necessary and fair.  Almost all recent cases have reinforced this position that permitting an action for fear of future harm where no physical injury from toxin would likely devastate the court system.  Determining seriousness of meritorious fear with physical impact rule being less strict, such as permitting mere expose to toxin is enough to meet the rule, should be the better way to handle the emotional distress damages in toxic tort cases.","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_description_15":{"attribute_name":"表示順","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"3","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_description_16":{"attribute_name":"アクセション番号","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"KJ00006961399","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_description_8":{"attribute_name":"記事種別(日)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"論文","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_description_9":{"attribute_name":"記事種別(英)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Article","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_source_id_1":{"attribute_name":"雑誌書誌ID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AA12017913","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_3_text_6":{"attribute_name":"著者所属(日)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"京都文教大学人間学部現代社会学科"}]},"item_3_text_7":{"attribute_name":"著者所属(英)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_language":"en","subitem_text_value":"KYOTO BUNKYO UNIVERSITY Department of Social Design Studies"}]},"item_access_right":{"attribute_name":"アクセス権","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_access_right":"metadata only access","subitem_access_right_uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"楪, 博行"},{"creatorName":"ユズリハ, ヒロユキ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"4104","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"YUZURIHA, Hiroyuki","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"4105","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"アメリカにおける精神的損害の賠償-有害物質不法行為による変容を中心として-","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"アメリカにおける精神的損害の賠償-有害物質不法行為による変容を中心として-"},{"subitem_title":"Emotional Distress Damages: Independent Cause of Action For Fear of Future Harm in Toxic Tort Litigation","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"3","owner":"11","path":["38"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2017-03-23"},"publish_date":"2017-03-23","publish_status":"0","recid":"1567","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["アメリカにおける精神的損害の賠償-有害物質不法行為による変容を中心として-"],"weko_creator_id":"11","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-08-23T09:06:00.918212+00:00"}